Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid who has said that Mundhir ibn Muhammad ibn Qabus narrated to us from Mansur ibn al-Sindi from abu Dawud al-Mustariq from Tha‘laba ibn Maymun from Malik al-Juhanni from al-Harith ibn al-Mughirah from al-Asbagh ibn Nubata who has said the following:
“Once I went to see Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (a.s.) and found him thinking and drawing lines on the ground. I then said, ‘O Amir al-Mu’minin I see you thinking and drawing lines on the ground. Have you become interested in them (worldly things)?’ He said, ‘No, by Allah, I have not become interested in them and I have never been interested in the whole world not even for a day, but I thought about a child from my descendants, the eleventh generation. He is al-Mahdi who will fill the earth with justice and fairness after its being filled with suffering and injustice. He will disappear from public sight in confusing conditions. Certain people will deviate, and others will find the path of guidance.’
“I then asked, ‘O Amir al-Mu’minin, how long will be the duration of confusion and (his) disappearance?’ He said, ‘Six days or six months or six years.’ I then asked, ‘Will this really come to pass?’ He said, ‘Yes, just as his creation will be necessary (so also will his disappearance). However, O Asbagh, this is not your concern. Those people will be of the best in this nation with the most virtuous ones of this family (Ahl al-Bayt).’
I then asked, ‘What will happen afterwards?’ He said, ‘Allah will do whatever He decide. He possesses many al-Bada (certain changes) wills, goals and ends.”
From Kefaayat al-Asar: Informed us Abu Abdillah Ahmad Ibn (Abi Abdillah Ahmad Ibn) Muhammad Ibn Obaidillah, from Abu Taalib Obaidullah Ibn Ahmad Ibn Ya’qoob Ibn Nasr al-Anbari, from Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Masrooq, from Abdullah Ibn Shabeeb, fromMuhammad Ibn Ziyaad al-Haashemi,from Sufyaan Ibn Oyaynah (from Imraan Ibn Dawood) from Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah from: Ameer al-Momineen Ali (a.s.): “I heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.) that Allah – Blessed and High be He – said” I will certainly punish all the subjects who come close to the obedience of an Imam who is not from Me (i.e., not appointed by Me) even if these subjects are by themselves good-doers. And I will certainly have mercy on all the subjects who come close to a just Imam from Me even if the subjects are by themselves neither good doers nor God-fearing.” Then he (s.a.w.a.) told me: O Ali! You are the Imam and the Caliph after me. Your war is my war, and your peace is my peace. You are the father of my two grandsons, and the husband of my daughter. From your offspring will be the purified Imams. Then, I am the Chief of the Prophets [and you are the Chief of the successors; I and you are from one tree]. If we were not there, Allah would not have created the Paradise, the Hell, the Prophets and the angels.” Ali (a.s.) says, ‘I asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah! So, are we superior to the angels?’ He (s.a.w.a.) replied, ‘O Ali! We are the best of Allah’s creations in the entire expanse of the earth. We are better than the proximate angels. How can we not be better than them while we preceded them in Allah’s recognition and His monotheism? Through us, they recognized Allah; through us, they worshipped Allah; through us, they were guided to the path towards Allah’s recognition. O Ali! You are from me and I am from you. You are my brother and my vizier. When I die, malice towards you will appear in the hearts of some people. Consequently, soon after me, there will be a massive and uprooting mischief, in which every confidante and insider will fall. This will occur during the absence of your fifth Shia from your seventh offspring. The inhabitants of the sky and the earth will grieve for his absence. Then how many of the believers – men and women – will be regretful, aggrieved and confused on account of his absence? Thereafter, he (s.a.w.a.) put down his head for some time, then raised it and said: ‘By my father and my mother! His name will be my name, and he will be similar to me and (Prophet) Moses Ibn Imran. On him will be the robe(s) of light lit up from the rays of divine holiness. As if I am despairing of those who were there. Then, a caller will call out which will be heard from far like it will be heard from near, (a call) that will be mercy for the believers and punishment for the hypocrites. I asked, ‘What will that voice be?’ He (s.a.w.a.) responded, ‘Three voices in the month of Rajab. The first will announce: “Beware! The curse of Allah is upon the unjusts.” The second will be, “The near event draws nigh.” and thirdly, you will see a full moon in display along with the rays of the sun, calling out, “Now, Allah has indeed sent so and so – narrating his genealogy till Ali (a.s.) – in which is the destruction of the oppressors.”At this juncture will be the salvation, Allah will cure their hearts and dispel the anger of their hearts”. I asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah! How many Imams will be there after me?’ He (s.a.w.a.) replied, ‘There will be nine after Husain (a.s.) and the ninth will be their Qaem’.”
“We witnessed the funeral prayer of Abu Bakr after that we gathered around Umar bin Khattab and paid allegiance to him and visited him in the masjid for some days, till we addressed him by the title of chief of believers. One day we were seated with him when a Jew, who claimed to be a descendant of Prophet Harun (a.s.), brother of Prophet Musa (a.s.) came and stood before Umar and said: O chief of believers,
who among you is most knowledgeable regarding the Sunnah of your Prophet and the Book of your Lord so that I can ask questions? The narrator says: Umar pointed out towards Ali Ibne Abi Talib (a.s.). The Jew said: O Ali, are you such? He replied: Yes, ask me whatever you want.
The Jew said: I have three, three and one question. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: Why don’t you say that you have seven questions? He replied: If you answer the first three questions correctly, I will ask the next three and if you reply to them also correctly, I will ask the remaining one. But if you answer the first three questions incorrectly, I will not ask any more questions. Imam Ali (a.s.) asked: How would you know whether the replies I have given are right or wrong?
The narrator says: The Jew put his hand inside his garment and took out an old book and said: I have inherited this book from my ancestors. It was dictated by Musa (a.s.) and written down by Harun (a.s.). It contains replies to all the questions. I am going to ask you.
Imam Ali (a.s.) said: If I reply to all your questions correctly, will you accept Islam? “Yes,” he said, by Allah, if you reply to my questions, I will immediately embrace Islam at your hands. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: You may ask. He said: Which was the first stone to come down to the earth? Which was the first spring of water that gushed out on the earth? And which was the first tree that grew on the earth?
Imam Ali (a.s.) said: O Jew, you people say that the first stone is that of Baitul Muqqadas. It is a lie. The first stone is the Black Stone which came with Prophet Adam (a.s.) from Paradise. Which he placed at the Rukn of the House of Allah. People touch and kiss it and through it renew their covenant with Allah.
The Jew said: By Allah, you are right. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: Jews say that the first tree that grew on the earth is olive. It is a lie. The first tree is that of Ajwa dates that came down with Adam (a.s.) and his wife. The Jew said: By Allah, you are right. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: You people say that the first spring that gushed forth is the spring of Baitul Muqqadas. You lie. The first spring is that in which the companion of Musa (a.s.) forgot the salted fish and when the water of the spring of life reached it, it became alive and swam away and Musa and his companion followed it and met Khizr.
The Jew said: By Allah, you are right. Imam Ali (a.s.) asked: Ask the next three questions? He said: How many just Imams are there after the Prophet in this nation? What is the place of Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) in Paradise? And who all will stay with him in his house in Paradise?
Imam Ali (a.s.) replied: O Jew, there are twelve Imams in this nation and their enemies cannot do them any harm. The Jew said: By Allah, you are right. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: The house of Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) in Paradise is in the Jannat of Adn. It is at the center of Paradise and nearest place to the throne of the Beneficent.
The Jews said: By Allah, you are right. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: And those who will stay with him in his house are the twelve Imams. The Jew said: By Allah, you are right. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: You may ask the remaining question also. He asked: For how many years will the successor of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) live?
Would he have a natural death or will be murdered? Imam Ali (a.s.) replied: O Jew, he would live for thirty years after the Prophet. This will be dyed with this. Saying this he pointed towards his beard and his blessed head. The narrator says: At that moment the Jew got up from his place and said: I bear witness that there is God except Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and you are the successor of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.).”
In his epic work Kamal-al deen wa tamam al-nemah, Shaikh Sadooq (a.r.) narrates a tradition which leads to Ibne Abbas.
Ibne Abbas says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) say:
“There is an angel of Allah named Dardaeel. He is having sixteen thousand wings and the distance between each wing is equal to that of the distance between the earth and the sky. One day a thought crossed the mind of this angel that is there anything greater than the Almighty Allah? The Almighty Allah gave him the same number of wings again and now he had thirty-two thousand wings. Then the Almighty Allah ordered him to fly. So, he continued to fly for fifty years but could not reach any end of the heavens. When he was tired, the Almighty Allah told him: O angel come back to your original place, Our greatness is effective on all great things and there is no one greater than Me, nor can I be related to a particular place. Then the Almighty Allah confiscated his wings and expelled him from the rows of angels.
When Imam Husain (a.s.) was born on a Thursday night the Almighty Allah commanded Maalik, the caretaker angel of hell to extinguish the fire as a mark of celebrating the birth of the son of the Prophet and told the caretaker of Paradise Rizwan to decorate Paradise.
In the Name Of Allah, the Beneficent and the Merciful
In this sermon (khutba) Ameerul Momeneen Ali ibn Abi Taleb (a.s.) predicts about the impending dangers to mankind and about #ImamMahdi, who will bring succor to humanity.
” When men will have twisted the meaning of the Holy Quran to gain their sinful desires and will have given a false interpretations to its orders to suit their vicious ways, he [Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.)] will bring them back to obey the orders of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) and the Holy Book (Quran).”
Continuing his address Imam Ali (a.s.) mentions the conditions that would prevail during the time of which he was prophesizing.
” The society will be engulfed by ravaging wars, overflowing with havoc and devastation. In the beginning the conquerors will feel very happy over their successes and booties gathered therein, but it will have a very sad end. I warn you of the wars of the future, you have no idea the enormity of evil which they will carry. The Imam (Mahdi) who will create a world state, will make the ruling nations pay for their crimes against humanity. He will bring succor to humanity. He will take out the hidden wealth from the depths of the earth and distribute it equitably amongst the needy and deserving. He will teach you simple living and high thinking. He will make you understand that virtue is a state of character which is always a mean between two extremes and which is based on equity and justice. He will revive the teaching of the Holy Quran and the traditions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) after the world had ignored them as dead letters. ”
Imam Ali (a.s.) further says about Antichrist (Dajjal)
” I feel as if I am actually seeing him with my own eyes. He reveals his identity in Syria and quickly extends his domain his vicinity of Kufa (Iraq) then he invades it with the ferocity of a beast and litters the earth with death bodies. He plunders countries after countries till the earth groan under his tyrannies. His domain will be extensive and his invasions will be cruelly ferocious. By Allah, he will scatter you (Muslims) all over the earth; your numbers will be considerably reduced and you will be made to pass through disasters, calamities and sorrows.
This will continue till the Arabs get back their lost mental superiority and come back to the path of Allah and religion. During these dreadful times you should carefully follow true teachings of the Holy Quran and the correct traditions of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) and you must abide by the orders of the person of Ahle Bayt (a.s.) who will be amongst you. Remember this will be a difficult task because the Satan will make its ways easily accessible and alluring for you to be entrapped. ”
Ref: Sermon #141Nahjul Balagah (Published by Library of Chehel Sotoon, Tehran)
Given Imam Mahdi’s (a.s.) sorrow, which is expressed in a tawquee to Shaikh Mufeed (r.a.), it is evident that the ways to reach Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) in the minor occultation were not followed and continues to be the same till date. As a consequence, the grief, sorrow and the sufferings on this honourable being keeps increasing by the day. The feeling of loneliness, oppression, alienation, negligence from others and the lack of recognition on part of the Shias towards the Divine Proof has prepared the residents of the heavens and earth to weep over Imam (a.t.f.s.).[1] It is true that many Infallible Imams (a.s.) were mourning on his isolation, innocence and occultation years, or even centuries before the birth of this honourable being.
Imam Sadeq (a.s.) was indeed seen sitting on the ground, lamenting like a mother who has lost her son. Tears rolled down his cheeks as he said: My dear! Your occultation has stolen my sleep and has troubled my heart. It has ruined the tranquility of my heart…My dear! Your occultation has brought on my being a life threatening catastrophe from which releasing oneself is difficult.[2]
Do you know that in the traditions of the Infallibles, the Shias and the lovers of Ahle Bayt (a.s.) have been encouraged to pray for the promised reappearance of Aale Muhammad (a.s.)? In the 1180 long years of this major occultation, the world is seeing oppression, injustice, sins and rampant innovations taking place. For every innocent blood that is being shed, or every drop of tear trickling down an orphan’s eye or from the eyes of the oppressed or for every sigh that comes out from the heart of an afflicted one — all these is under the gaze of Imam (a.s.) and these things are all the more disturbing for his already gloomy heart. Isn’t this the case? Isn’t it true that the sufferings and oppression of the Last Proof of Allah is more than the sorrows of all Ahle Bayt (a.s.)?
The pain, torture and tears of his respected mother who grieved in the house of sorrow (Baitul Huzn) following the death of her father Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) are indeed shattering and heart-breaking. But it lasted no more than couple of months. Ameerul Momineen (a.s.) loneliness and staying put in house too was restricted for a quarter of a century. The time Hazrat Imam Kazim (a.s.) spent in the prison, as documented, was at the most 21 years. But 1185 years have passed since the birth of Imam-e-Asr (a.t.f.s.) and this most capable and most courageous person is left wandering in occultation.
What patience! What perseverance and what great strength does he possess! How long and agonizing is this wait.
It is natural that when an individual from a family is arrested in difficulties then you will find that those associated with him or the people of his nation willing to help him at every step. They are worried and run from pillar to post to help him. They sacrifice their status and riches purely with the intention to rid him of his difficulties. These things, indeed have been regularly witnessed.
But doesn’t the Shia teachings and belief tell us that the Imam of the era Continue reading →
When Masjid-e-Nabawi came up, Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) would initially give sermons reclining on a dried date tree trunk which was left in the courtyard of the mosque. But when number of people started to swell in the mosque, the companions, after a discussing it among themselves, decide to erect a pulpit for the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) so that the people could see their beloved leader. Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.), too, gave his permission, so a pulpit with couple of planks and a platform was built.
When the first Friday arrived, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.s.) waded through the crowd, leaving the tree trunk behind and walked towards the pulpit. As he was about to mount on the pulpit, suddenly there the date tree trunk let out a loud wail much like how a mother weeps over a dead son. Hearing the heart-breaking cries of the tree trunk, even the crowds started to cry.
The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) stepped down from the pulpit, put his arms around the tree, caressed it and said, “Don’t be disturbed,” and went towards the pulpit. He then said to the people, “Oh people! This dead tree is expressing its love and fondness for the Messenger of Allah and is getting upset due to this separation. But there are some who aren’t even slightly perturbed if they are close or far away from me. Had I not embraced it and caressed it would have cried like this until the Day of Judgment.”[1]
It is a point to stop and ponder. One lifeless tree began to cry aloud on getting separated from the Messenger (s.a.w.s.) that too when the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) was well within its sight. What’s gone wrong with us that we aren’t even able to see the Imam of our time and are far away from him? Yet we are busy in our daily lives? We remember everything and everybody barring our Imam!
Sayed Kareem, a person who earned his living by sewing clothes, is counted amongst the fortunate ones, who had the blessings and honour to meet the divine representative of Allah in occultation. He would meet his Imam-e-Zamana (a.s.) in his humble room.
It’s written that one day Imam (a.s.) told this fortunate man:
“Sayed what will you do if you don’t see me for a week?”
Sayed Kareem replied, “Oh my master, I will die!”
Imam (a.s.) said, “If this wouldn’t have been the case then I wouldn’t come to meet you.”
Let other things be, but isn’t it true that if a few (not all) form a group of friends that craves and is restless for Imam (a.s.), then will it not be possible to see the reappearance?
Ours is a small story, of someone who has lost his father. We are like those children whose immature thought process doesn’t make them realize in how big a calamity they are trapped in. But those who are grown up and understand the depths of a tragedy express their empathy, as Imam Hasan al-Askari (a.s.) says, “More than losing one’s father, getting cutoff from his Imam with no means to reach him, is more severe form of orphanhood.”[2]
In some newspapers there is a column for missing people in which the details of those lost are carried alongside a photograph and contact details. In some cases they also promise to suitably reward those who find the missing person. Overall there is a sense of desperation in the tenor of those who are in search of loved ones.
Who amongst us is so distressed or anxious to find our Imam-e-Zamana (a.t.f.s.)? Is here a criterion to see him and find a place in his pious company?
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) says:
“There’s none who keeps his faith in Allah but; the one who prefers me over himself, my progeny over his progeny, my family over his family, my life over his life.”[3]
What do we do if our child doesn’t come on time from the school? Surely, we don’t sit back and wait. We set out in the streets and lanes searching with the hope that all’s well and no untoward incident has occurred.
How many in the Shia community consider Imam-e-Zamana’s (a.t.f.s.) ghaibat to be a cause of grief and distress and wish to find a cure for this pain? How many people have you seen, who, albeit temporarily, have relinquished their lavishness in view of this affliction? Do you know of anyone who has forsaken his sleep, hunger or thirst even once in this cause?
If we were handed a questionnaire which asks us to list our needs priority-wise, then how many percent would put the reappearance of Imam (a.s.) right at the top?
If an angel descends from the skies and tells us, “I will certainly fulfill a wish of yours,” then how many of us will ask for our most important need: The reappearance of Imam Asr (a.s.)? When we go for ziyarat, at the times when our prayers are heard, at a time when our hearts are broken and tears are trickling down from our eyes, how many of us first pray for the reappearance of Imam (a.s.) then our needs?
In true sense, what spot does Imam-e-Asr (a.s.) occupy in our lives? In the main course or the margins? We must say, regretfully, that in some people’s life, our Master doesn’t find space even in the margins.
If someone invites us to his house, asks us to join him at the food table, we try our very best to reciprocate the affection he has shown towards us. Then what has happened to us, that we sit along with our kith and kin, with our fellow countrymen, with our friends and in fact with the entire creation of Allah due to Imam’s (a.s.) generosity break bread yet we are still not loyal to him?
It’s saddening to know that the youngsters of our community have more information about film stars, sports stars, external and internal affairs rather than their religious figureheads and in reality our personal and collective lives is bereft of Imam-e-Asr (a.s.).
Most Shias have unclear and very little knowledge about some part of twelfth Imam’s (a.s.) life. They may not be clear, in true sense, about the reason for Imam’s (a.s.) ghaibat and reappearance, but how much do they know about the other eleven Imams (a.s.) Continue reading →
Some people harbor the misconception that the belief in Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) is restricted to Shias, who fabricated such beliefs after facing several setbacks in history. However, on studying the books of Ahle Tasannun, we find that their extremely reliable books are replete with the mention of Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.). These books not only talk about Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.)’s reappearance in the last era but also outline his characteristics in great detail. Also several reliable scholars have written series of books on this topic and this continues till date.
(Interested readers may refer ‘Imam Mahdi (a.s.) in Traditions of Ahle Sunnah’ for details.)
The book Yanaabi’ al-Mawaddah Fi Shamaael al-Rasool (s.a.w.a.) wa Ahl al-Bait (a.s.) too is one such book written by a Hanafi scholar from Ahle Tasannun. His name was Hafiz Sulaymaan Ibn Ibrahim al-Qundoozi al-Hanafi al Balkhi. He was born in 1220 A.H. and expired in 1270 A.H. in Constantinople. In this book Shaikh Sulaymaan Qundoozi has collected traditions which mention the excellences of the Ahle Bait (a.s.). Moreover, he has devoted several chapters to Imamate of Imam Mahdi (a.s.) which we shall discuss in this brief article.
In the second volume of his book Shaikh Sulaymaan Qundoozi has devoted several chapters to Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.). Here, we will mention one tradition from each of them.
Chapter 71: Kitab al-Muhajjah contains conditions at the time of the reappearance of Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) citing verses of the Holy Quran.
Tradition: Imam Sadiq (a.s.) while explaining the verse of Holy Quran (Surah Aale Imran (3): Verse 38), “And everything that in the heavens and the earth shall submit to Him willingly or unwillingly” says: Continue reading →
A few traditions clearly talk about Imam (a.s.) being ‘bounded’ while in occultation. In some other instances, based on the discourses of the Infallibles (a.s.), it is indicated that Imam (a.s.) is ‘bounded’ as Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.) says:
The Master of Affairs will have four signs of four Prophets in him. The signs of Hazrat Moosa (a.s.), Hazrat Eisa (a.s.), Hazrat Yusuf (a.s.) and Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.s.).
The sign of Hazrat Moosa in him will be the fear and the distressed state. The sign of Yusuf (a.s.) in him will be like staying in confinement. The sign of Hazrat Eisa (a.s.) will be that the people will divided over giving him his right. Some will say he has died while others will say he hasn’t died and he will rise with the sword like Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.).[1]
Imam Husain (a.s.), too, says:
“My ninth son (from his lineage) will have signs of Hazrat Yusuf (a.s.) and Hazrat Moosa (a.s.) in him.[2]
Based on this the Infallibles (a.s.), in their supplications, have prayed for Imam-e-Asr’s (a.t.f.s.) ‘deliverance’ (فرج) and ‘happiness.’
In one of his detailed supplications, which he taught to his companion Abdullah ibn Sinan on the day of Aashura, Imam Sadeq (a.s.) prayed:
O My Allah! Hasten the appearance of Aale Muhammad and keep Your benediction on them and save him from the hypocrites, deviants and spiteful disbelievers.[3]
Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.) says:
His resemblance with Yusuf (a.s.) is that, like how Allah had solved his problem in a moment [Hazrat Yusuf (a.s.) had rightly predicted the dream of the Egyptian emperor as a consequence he was released from prison). Similarly, the order of reappearance and waiting will be informed in a moment.[4]
In certain sentences of the salawat of Abul Hasan Zarrab from of Imam-e-Zamana (a.t.f.s.) it has come:
وَ خَلِّصْهُ مِنْ اَيْدِى الْجَبَّارِيْنَ
(O Allah), save him [Imam Mahdi (a.s.)] from the hands of the tyrants.
In his correspondences with Sheikh Mufeed (a.r.), Imam-e-Asr (a.t.f.s.) has used the words ‘فَمَا يَحْبِسُنَا’ which means that he has included the reprehensible actions and characters of his Shias for his confinement.
The moments of imprisonment passing in occultation
In His Name And With The Remebrance of His Last Hujjat (a.t.f.s.)
The names and titles of our Imams (a.s.) are not conferred by common men but are selected by the Almighty in view of their characteristics. Hence, each name and title bears a special significance. In general, all our Imams (a.s.) are similar in grace and perfection. Each one is Sajjaad (the one who prostrates excessively), Baqir (one who splits open the facets of knowledge), Kazim (one who controls anger) and Reza (satisfied) but each Imam (a.s.) is given the title which becomes prominently manifest in that particular Imam (a.s.). Imam Mohammad Baqir (a.s.) was called thus because he spread the divine knowledge extensively. He quenched the seekers of knowledge and divine recognition with teachings of the Ahle Bait (a.s.). Thus, he was bestowed the title of Baqir. Imam Musa Kazim (a.s.) exhibited immense patience and control and so was famed as Kazim. It was not that the other Imams (a.s.) were not patient. This is pertinent with all the other titles.
Mahdi is a particular venerable title of the twelfth Imam, Master of the Time (a.s.). Mahdi in Arabic grammar denotes both meanings – Isme Fael (Doer) as well as Isme Maf’ool (object). In other words, Mahdi means “the Guide” (subject) and “the Guided” (object).
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MAHDAVIYAT 